{"id":9459,"date":"2024-08-16T08:36:32","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T08:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/?p=9459"},"modified":"2024-08-16T08:36:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T08:36:32","slug":"history-of-printed-circuit-boards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"commercialization-and-widespread-adoption-1950s1960s\">\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 (1950-1960)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1950s \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 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\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629, \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1960s \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (ICs) \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. ICs \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629, \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1950s \u0648 1960s \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"technological-advancements-1970s1990s\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (1970-1990)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 1970 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1990 \u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a 1970s \u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1980s \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (SMT) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. SMT \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1990s \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 (CAD) \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 (HDI) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c CAD \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a CAD \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 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