{"id":9569,"date":"2024-12-21T15:33:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T15:33:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/?p=9569"},"modified":"2024-12-21T16:01:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T16:01:51","slug":"high-frequency-pcb-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequency-range-of-highfrequency-pcbs\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-differences-from-standard-pcbs\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 FR-4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"materials-for-highfrequency-pcb-construction\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-material-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 (Dk): \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dk \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 Dk \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 2.2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.5 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f (Df): \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Df \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Df \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 Df \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.005 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE): \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 CTE \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Dk \u0648 Df \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-highfrequency-pcb-materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rogers-corporation-materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RO4003C: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 Dk \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 3.38 \u0648 Df \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 0.0027 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RO4350B: \u0645\u0639 Dk \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 3.48 \u0648 Df \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 0.0037 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RO3003: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0640 Dk \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 3.0 \u0648 Df \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.0013 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"taconic-materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RF-35: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 3.5 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f (Df) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.0018 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TLX: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 PTFE \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 2.5 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f (Df) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.0019\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"isola-materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0627:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IS620: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4.5 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f (Df) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.0080 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Astra MT77: \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 3.0 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f (Df) \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.0017 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ptfe-teflon-based-materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 PTFE (\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.2) \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f (Df) \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"modified-fr4\">FR-4 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 FR-4 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f FR-4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"material-selection-process\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f (Df) \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"applications-of-highfrequency-pcbs-across-industries\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBs) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"telecommunications\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cellular-telecommunications-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5g-wireless-infrastructure\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBs) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (mmWave) \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"satellite-communications\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eband-pointtopoint-microwave-links\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 E:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aerospace-and-defense\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"radar-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"electronic-warfare-ew-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (EW):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ELINT) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (ESM)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"missile-guidance-systems\">\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"satellite-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"automotive\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 (ADAS):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a LiDAR \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vehicletoeverything-v2x-communication\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 (V2X):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"infotainment-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"medical\">\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"imaging-equipment\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628: \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"patient-monitoring-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"medical-implants\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"other-applications\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test-and-measurement-equipment\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0630\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"highperformance-computing\">\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rf-identification-rfid-systems\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (RFID):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a RFID \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"industrial-automation\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"implementing-effective-design-strategies-for-highfrequency-pcbs\">\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"component-placement-and-layout\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grouping-components\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"critical-component-placement\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0640 ICs \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-considerations\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trace-routing\">\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"controlled-impedance\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 50 \u0623\u0648 100 \u0623\u0648\u0645).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"minimize-trace-lengths\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"avoid-sharp-bends\">\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"differential-pair-routing\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grounding-and-shielding\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ground-planes\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ground-separation\">\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shielding\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"via-usage\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"minimize-vias\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"via-stitching\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"stackup-design\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 PCB \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"layer-arrangement\">\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reference-planes\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-management\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-vias\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copper-spreading\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"active-cooling\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"power-integrity\">\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"decoupling-capacitors\">\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"power-distribution-network-pdn-design\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PDN):<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0635\u0645\u0645 PDN \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simulation-and-verification\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a PCB \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"electromagnetic-field-solvers\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 PCB \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"signal-integrity-analysis\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"impedance-calculation\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (PCBs) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"article_term":"","article_term_alternate":"","article_term_def":"","article_hook":"","auto_links":"","article_topic":"","article_fact_check":"","mt_social_share":"","mt_content_meta":"","mt_glossary_display":"","glossary_heading":"","glossary":"","glossary_alter":"","glossary_def":"","article_task":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9569"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9594,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9569\/revisions\/9594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}