{"id":9595,"date":"2024-12-26T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/?p=9595"},"modified":"2024-12-26T04:00:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T04:00:39","slug":"cca-vs-pcba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/cca-vs-pcba\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 (CCA) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBA)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 (CCA) \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBA)\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"defining-the-core-unpacking-the-printed-circuit-board-pcb\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631: \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a CCA \u0648 PCBA\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCB). \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 PCB \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \"\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\" \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pcb-composition-and-fabrication-a-layered-approach\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 PCB: \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 PCB \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a FR-4\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 CEM (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Teflon) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a PCB \u063a\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631: \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 (\u0639\u0628\u0631) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621: \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d: \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pcb-design-considerations-from-schematic-to-layout\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 PCB: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 PCB \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 PCB. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 PCB\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 PCB \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pcb-types-and-their-applications-a-spectrum-of-functionality\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 PCB \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a PCBs \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PCBs \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PCBs \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PCBs \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 FR-4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646: \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646: \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI): \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"circuit-card-assembly-cca-the-populated-pcb\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 (CCA): \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 CCA \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"component-selection-and-procurement-balancing-performance-and-reliability\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 CCA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMDs) \u0645\u062b\u0644 SOIC \u0648 QFP \u0648 BGA \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMT)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 DIP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a (THT). \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640 CCA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"assembly-processes-smt-throughhole-and-mixed-technologies\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639: SMT\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMT) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a (THT).<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"surface-mount-technology-smt\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (SMT)<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c SMT\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0648\u0636\u0639 SMDs \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642: \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"throughhole-technology-tht\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 (THT)<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a THT\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mixed-technology-assembly\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 SMT \u0648 THT\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Package on Package (PoP)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"testing-and-inspection-ensuring-functionality-and-conformance\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 CCA\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ICT): \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \"\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\"\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 ICT \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 CCA\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (FCT): \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 FCT \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 CCA \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (AOI): \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 AOI \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 CCA \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a BGA\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 `&nbsp;`.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cca-standards-and-certifications-navigating-the-regulatory-landscape\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a `&nbsp;`: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 `&nbsp;`: \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 `bester`\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f `&nbsp;`\u060c \"\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\"\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0640 `&nbsp;`\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f `&nbsp;`\u060c \"\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\"\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a `&nbsp;`: `&nbsp;`\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. `&nbsp;`\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a `&nbsp;`\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 `&nbsp;`.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 `&nbsp;` \u0648`bester`: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 `&nbsp;` (\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629) \u0648`bester` (\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"printed-circuit-board-assembly-pcba-a-holistic-perspective\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBA): \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 `&nbsp;` \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pcba-as-a-superset-encompassing-cca-and-beyond\">`&nbsp;` \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 `&nbsp;` \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 `&nbsp;` \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 `&nbsp;`. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 `&nbsp;`) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629: \u062f\u0645\u062c `&nbsp;` \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643: \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 `&nbsp;` \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 `&nbsp;` \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642: \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 `&nbsp;` \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 `&nbsp;` \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"design-for-manufacturability-dfm-and-design-for-assembly-dfa\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (`&nbsp;`) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (`bester`)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (`&nbsp;`) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (`bester`) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a `&nbsp;`. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 `&nbsp;` \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 `&nbsp;` \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 `&nbsp;` \u0648`bester`.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supply-chain-management-from-component-sourcing-to-final-product\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d `&nbsp;`. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646: \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (`&nbsp;`).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quality-assurance-and-reliability-engineering-in-pcba\">\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a PCBA<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 PCBA\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quality-management-systems-qms\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (QMS)<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 ISO 9001\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 PCBA. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reliability-testing\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (HALT): \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (HASS): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0640 HALT \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (ESS): \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629) \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"failure-analysis\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"continuous-improvement\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cca-vs-pcba-a-nuanced-comparison\">CCA \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PCBA: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 CCA \u0648 PCBA \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scope-and-focus-differentiating-the-micro-from-the-macro\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645\u0627. CCA \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PCBA\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 PCB \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 PCBA \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a CCA \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 PCBA \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"terminology-and-industry-usage-regional-and-contextual-variations\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a CCA \u0648 PCBA \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \"PCBA\" \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \"CCA\" \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 PCBs \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \"CCA\"\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \"PCBA\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"implications-for-design-manufacturing-and-testing\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"54-case-studies-illustrating-the-practical-differences\">5.4. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 CCA \u0648 PCBA.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-study-1-a-simple-electronic-device\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 1: \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 CCA \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 CCA \u0648 PCBA \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. CCA \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 CCA \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-study-2-a-complex-electronic-system\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 2: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 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id=\"emerging-trends-and-future-directions\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 CCA \u0648 PCBA.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-packaging-technologies-systeminpackage-sip-and-beyond\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (SiP) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (SiP) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 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id=\"miniaturization-and-highdensity-interconnects-hdi\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI). \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a HDI PCB\u060c \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 PCB \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flexible-and-printed-electronics-expanding-the-boundaries-of-pcba\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f PCBA<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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