{"id":9612,"date":"2024-12-30T03:47:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T03:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/?p=9612"},"modified":"2024-12-30T05:57:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T05:57:16","slug":"surface-mount-technology-smt-assembly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad%d9%8a-smt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (SMT) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (SMT). \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 SMT \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 SMT \u0641\u064a 1980s \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (Pcb). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-historical-perspective-from-throughhole-to-smt\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 SMT<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 SMT \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 SMT \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062a \u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 SMT \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-fundamental-shift-miniaturization-and-increased-functionality\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. SMT \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"smts-impact-across-industries-a-brief-overview\">SMT \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631 SMT \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0634 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c SMT \u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635, \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629, \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647, \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u062f\u0633) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639, \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635, \u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 SMT \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 SMT \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"core-principles-of-smt-assembly-a-detailed-examination\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631, \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"component-placement-precision-and-automation\">\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pickandplace-machines-types-capabilities-and-limitations\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. &#034;\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0629&#034; \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 &#034;\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639&#034; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (ICs). \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649-\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vision-systems-and-fiducial-recognition-ensuring-accuracy\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629, \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 PCB \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a, \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 fiducials \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 fiducials \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 fiducials \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 fiducials \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629. \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644 (\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644) \u0648 electroformed \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644 (\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629), \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"solder-paste-composition-rheology-flux-and-particle-size\">\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641. \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-defects-bridging-tombstoning-and-voids\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0633\u062f \u060c Tombstoning \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0633\u062f \u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629. Tombstoning \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631, \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635. \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reflow-soldering-the-art-and-science-of-thermal-profiles\">\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631: \u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645, \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"convection-reflow-heat-transfer-mechanisms-and-zone-control\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631: 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639): \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639) \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 X-ray \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 2D (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629) 3D (\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a (CT) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"incircuit-testing-ict-and-functional-testing-validating-performance\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 &#034;\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631&#034; \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628, \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d, \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"materials-science-in-smt-a-deeper-look\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a SMT: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 SMT \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"printed-circuit-boards-pcbs-substrate-materials-and-surface-finishes\">\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (Pcb): \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fr4-and-highfrequency-laminates-properties-and-selection-criteria\">FR-4 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>FR-4 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a, \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a (Tg) \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 PTFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f) \u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"surface-finishes-hasl-enig-osp-and-their-impact-on-solderability\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u060c ENIG \u060c OSP, \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u0627\u0633\u0644) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a molten \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 (ENIG) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645, \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 (OSP) \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629, \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 solderable \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-management-in-pcb-design-addressing-heat-dissipation\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0627, \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"solder-alloys-composition-melting-points-and-mechanical-properties\">\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627, \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"leadfree-solder-alloys-sac305-sn100c-and-emerging-alternatives\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643: SAC305, SN100C \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (SAC) \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 SAC305 (96.5% Sn, 3.0% Ag 0.5% Cu) \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627, \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. SN100C, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643, \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lowtemperature-solders-applications-and-challenges\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0645\u0648\u062a-\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"solder-joint-reliability-factors-influencing-fatigue-and-creep\">\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648 \u0632\u062d\u0641<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632. \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631, \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644, \u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"component-packaging-from-bgas-to-qfns-and-beyond\">\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 QFNs \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ball-grid-arrays-bgas-package-design-pitch-and-assembly-considerations\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633): \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633) \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 I\/O \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633 (PBGAs), \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633 (CBGAs) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633 (FCBGAs) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u063a\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a), \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629, \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u060c \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"332-quad-flat-noleads-qfns-thermal-pads-and-voiding-issues\">3.3.2 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a (QFNs): \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a (QFNs) \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631, \u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632. QFNs \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0644, \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a QFNs. \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chipscale-packages-csps-and-waferlevel-packages-wlps-the-drive-towards-miniaturization\">\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0632\u0645 (Csp) \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 (WLPs): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0632\u0645 (Csp) \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 (WLPs) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. Csp \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.2 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 WLPs \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0639\u064a\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenges-and-nuances-in-highreliability-smt-assembly\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627, \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621, \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0645\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"miniaturization-and-highdensity-interconnects-hdis-pushing-the-limits\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (HDIs): \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (HDIs), \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"microvias-and-viainpad-technology-design-and-manufacturing-challenges\">Microvias \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631-\u0641\u064a-Pad \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>Microvias \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 HDIs. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 microvias \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0628\u0631-\u0641\u064a-pad \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b microvias \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631, \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"finepitch-component-assembly-tolerances-and-process-control\">\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f, \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"signal-integrity-and-electromagnetic-interference-emi-in-hdi-designs\">\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI) \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644, \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 microvias. \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. EMI, \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 EMI \u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMC) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 EMI \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-management-in-highpower-applications-dissipating-heat-effectively\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heat-sink-design-and-attachment-materials-and-interfaces\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645, \u0634\u0643\u0644, fin \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0633) \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-interface-materials-tims-properties-and-application-methods\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0633): \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0633) \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639) \u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a). \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"active-cooling-solutions-fans-liquid-cooling-and-thermoelectric-coolers\">\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f 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\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (TECs), \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c, \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conformal-coating-and-encapsulation-protecting-against-harsh-environments\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a 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id=\"conformal-coating-materials-acrylics-silicones-urethanes-and-parylene\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u060c Urethanes \u060c Parylene<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u060c urethanes \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644, \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"emerging-trends-and-future-directions-in-smt\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a SMT<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 SMT.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-packaging-technologies-3d-packaging-and-systeminpackage-sip\">\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 3D \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (SiP)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 2D \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3D \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0627 (TSVs), interposers \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637. 3D \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (SiP):<\/strong> \u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flexible-and-stretchable-electronics-new-materials-and-assembly-processes\">\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621, \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646) \u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"automation-and-industry-40-smart-factories-and-datadriven-optimization\">\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 4.0: Smart \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 4.0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#034;\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629&#034; \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 SMT \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0629. \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sustainability-in-electronics-manufacturing-reducing-environmental-impact\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a SMT \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion-the-everevolving-landscape-of-smt-assembly\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (SMT) \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 SMT \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631, \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f SMT \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. 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(SMT).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"article_term":"","article_term_alternate":"","article_term_def":"","article_hook":"","auto_links":"","article_topic":"","article_fact_check":"","mt_social_share":"","mt_content_meta":"","mt_glossary_display":"","glossary_heading":"","glossary":"","glossary_alter":"","glossary_def":"","article_task":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9612"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9621,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9612\/revisions\/9621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}