{"id":9624,"date":"2025-01-04T13:15:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T13:15:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/?p=9624"},"modified":"2025-01-04T13:20:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T13:20:29","slug":"ate-in-pcba-testing-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.besterpcba.com\/ar\/ate-in-pcba-testing-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 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(\u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 PCBAs \u060c \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 DUT \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 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\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"incircuit-testers-ict\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PCBA \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 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\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flying-probe-testers\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a &#034;\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631.&#034; \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 PCBA \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"functional-circuit-testers-fct\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (FCT)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 FCTs \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 PCBA. FCTs \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 PCBA \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c FCT \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644, \u0639\u0631\u0636, \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a) \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644. FCTs \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a &#034;\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629&#034; \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"burnin-testing-systems\">\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a PCBAs. \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645, \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 &#034;\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a&#034; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"automated-optical-inspection-aoi\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 &#034;\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646&#034; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b PCBAs \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 3D \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"xray-inspection-systems\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d PCBA. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0628\u063a\u0627) \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 2D \u0648 3D \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 3D \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-components-of-ate-systems\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633:<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PCBA. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u062d, \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (DMMs) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631, \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 DUT. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648 DUT. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 &#034;\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631&#034; \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\/\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 C++, Python, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-ate-works-in-pcba-testing\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PCBAs \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test-program-development\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 PCBA \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 PCBA \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fixture-design-and-fabrication\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648 DUT. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 &#034;\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631&#034; \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PCBA. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test-execution-data-analysis-and-interpretation\">\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 PCBA \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631, \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647. \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644, \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"data-analysis\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (SPC) \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"data-interpretation-and-actionable-insights\">\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 PCBA \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645, \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 <strong>Weibull \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 Weibull \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 Weibull \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"benefits-of-using-ate-in-pcba-testing\">\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a PCBA \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PCBAs \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding-test-coverage-in-ate\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 PCBA \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u061f<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fault-spectrum-analysis\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a PCBA. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d, \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test-point-selection-strategies\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PCBA \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (DFT) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-ate-techniques-for-complex-pcbas\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 PCBAs<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 PCBAs \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boundary-scan-testing\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 IEEE 1149.1 \u0623\u0648 JTAG, \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (ICs) \u0639\u0644\u0649 PCBA. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 ICs \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0644, \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d, \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 ICs \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 PCBAs \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"builtin-selftest-bist\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b PCBA \u0623\u0648 IC \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635. \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"systemlevel-testing\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PCBA \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 PCBA \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"signal-integrity-power-integrity-and-thermal-testing\">\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"signal-integrity-testing\">\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 PCBA \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647, \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 Reflectometers (TDRs) \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (VNAs), \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648 RF \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"power-integrity-testing\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PDN) \u0639\u0644\u0649 PCBA \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f DC, AC \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-testing\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 PCBA \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 PCBA \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"choosing-the-right-ate-for-pcba-testing\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 PCBA \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"factors-to-consider\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pcba-complexity\">PCBA \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f PCBA \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"production-volume\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test-requirements\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f scan) \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"budget\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flexibility\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparing-different-ate-types\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ict-vs-flying-probe\">\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ict-vs-fct\">\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 FCT<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 FCT \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aoi-vs-xray\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 X-ray<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 FCT \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cost-analysis-and-return-on-investment-roi\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (ROI)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"initial-investment\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"programming-costs\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f PCBA \u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"maintenance-costs\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"labor-savings\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"yield-improvement\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"roi-calculation\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (TCO). TCO \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644:<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a:<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (TCO) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f:<\/strong> \u0637\u0631\u062d TCO \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644, \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 500,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0623\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u060c 000 $ \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 400,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 100 \u060c 000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 500 \u060c 000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 TCO \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 $1,000,000 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f ($500,000 * 5) \u2013 $1,000,000 = $1,500,000. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 1,500,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \/ $1,000,000 = 1.5 \u0623\u0648 150%. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"balancing-test-coverage-and-cost\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646, \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 PCBA. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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